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¤òÁ³¡A²´·ú¦b²´¬`¤U¤è¡C
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SWEETDR945 °ª¯Å·|û
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²{¦b¶}©l¥»¤åªº¶i¶¥ª©: ²Ó»¡°¾»\Á³
«e´X¦~,¶}©l¼g²L»¡°¾»\Á³,´N¬O¬°¥Ø«eªº¤º®e°µ·Ç³Æ.
§@ªÌ´£¥X¨âºØ°¾»\Á³»P¨ä±J¥D¤§¶¡,·sªºkleptoparasitism¼Ò¦¡,¨Ã®Õ¥¿¤é¥»°¾»\Á³Capulus japonicus»P¸¹¨¤°¾»\Á³Capulus violaceus¥~°ê¥ý¶i¤ÀÃþªº¯Ê¥¢.
¤Wz¤å³¹¤w¸g¦L¨ê¦¨®Ñ,ÁöµMÁÙ¨S¦³¤W¥«,²Ä¤@®É¶¡¶K¥X,½Ð¥ý¶i«ü¥¿.
°²¦p±z¹ï°¾»\Á³¨S¦³¿³½ì,½Ð¬Ý¬Ý³o¨â¥y¸Ü´N¦n.
1.§Y¨Ï«Ü§Nªùªº´ß,ÁÙ¬O¥i¥H¦¬.¦¬¨ì²Ä¤@´ß«á,²Ä¤G´ß²Ä¤T´ß³°Äò´N·|¦Û°Ê§ä¤W±z.
2.»O¿Î:¤@²z³q,¦Ê²z¹ý. ¤@Ó§Nªù¬ìªø´Á¾ã²z»P¯à¤Oªº´£¤É,·|¤ÏÀ³¦b±z¤w¸g¼ô±xªº¬ì§O;¤]·|Åý±z¹ï¨ä¥L¤£¼ô±xªº´ß,§Ö³t¤W¤â.
²Ó»¡°¾»\Á³,¤º®e¤À¦¨¤TÓ³¡¥÷:
1.ªF¨F®q,Ãl¬OÑ¡ª¨»OÆW¤Hªº¦a.
2.¤@²´´Nª¾¹D½Ö¬O°¾»\Á³.( kleptoparasitism )
3.°¾»\Á³¦p¦ó°Ï¤À.( xenomorphic sculpture )
__________________ ´ÆÅì±C®P¤p¥@¬É,¦âÀJ¤@Åé¤j¦ÛµM.
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SWEETDR945 °ª¯Å·|û
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µù¥U(Joined): 07-December-2005 ©Ò¦b¦a°ê®a(Location): Taiwan ¤å³¹¼Æ(Posts): 2342
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½¼³õ´ß¸Ì,¦³¤@Ó¿W¯Sªº³¡¥÷,´N¬OªF¨F´ß.
¤°»ò¸gÀÙ»¤¦],Åýº®²în¦Ñ»·ªº¶]¨ìªF¨F,¥h¼´400¦Ü1000¦Ì²`ªº®ü©³?
¨ä¤¤¤@Ó¥Dnªºì¦],¬O¤j¶Àª°µðAcesta marissinica Yamashida & Habe 1969.
<»¡©ú>
¼¶¼g¤å³¹«e,¥²¶·¬d®Ö¤å³¹¤º©Ò¦³ª«ºØªº¥¿½T¾Ç¦W.
1.®ü®°°¾»\Á³(¥¿½T¾Ç¦W¬OCapulus danieli (Crosse, 1858),«áÄò·|»¡©ú)ªþµÛªº°ª¶Q®ü®°µð,¥¿½T¾Ç¦W®Ú¾Ú®ü®°¤j¨ÐG. Dijkstra (¥L¸ò»OÆW,¦³ÂI²W·½)ªººô¯¸,»{©w¬°Mimachlamys crassicostata (Sowerby II, 1842).
2.¦b2010¦~Huber M.Âù´ß¨©±M®Ñ¤¤, Acesta marissinica³Q¦C¤JAcesta philippinensis (Bartsch, 1913)ªº¥|Ó¦PºØ²§¦W¤§¤@,¦P·N.
¦ý¬O§Ú¦b¼g³o½g¤å³¹®É,¤´µM«ùÄò¨Ï¥Î¤j¶Àª°µð,ªº¾Ç¦W»P«U¦WºÙ©I.
¤s¤U¨q¤Ò»Pªi³¡©¾«,¦bVenus 27(4), page133 -136 µoªí¤j¶Àª°µð®É,¤w»¡©ú¥¦ªº¤À¥¬»P²`«×,ªF¤¤°ê®ü,1075 to 1065 m,«n¤¤°ê®ü479 m.
»OÆW²î¶]ªF¨Fªº¥Øªº,´N¬O¨C¯è¦¸¥i¥H¼´¨ì¼Æ¾·ªº¤j¶Àª°µð.
ªF¨F½\¦ÌÁ³,ªF¨F®oÁ³,ªF¨F¬K¬f¸ºµ§Á³»PÄõ¤ó°©Á³µ¥,¦W¨©»Pµ}¦³¨©,³£¬O¼´®·¤j¶Àª°µðªº°Æ²£«~.
¥Ñ©ó¶V«n¤j¨Ð¦b°ê»Ú¶¡¶Ç¸Ü,¤Wzªº´ß,¬O¶V«n´ß¦Ó¤£¬O»OÆW´ß,©Ò¥H§Ú¦b¤å³¹«eÀY²¤¶»¡©úì©e,»OÆW¤H¦b»OÆW»â®ü¼´®·»OÆW´ß,»OÆW¤H¦b»OÆW¦a³]¸mªF¨FÀôÁG°ê®a¤½¶é.Åý³o¨ÇMITªº´ß,«ùÄòªÃ«ù»OÆW¥úÀô,¦V°ê»ÚµoÁn:
¡¨ªF¨F®q,Ãl¬OÑ¡ª¨»OÆW¤Hªº¦a¡¨.
__________________ ´ÆÅì±C®P¤p¥@¬É,¦âÀJ¤@Åé¤j¦ÛµM.
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SWEETDR945 °ª¯Å·|û
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²Ä¤GÓ¥DÃD,¦p¦ó¤@²´´N¤À¿ë¥X¡¨°¾»\Á³¡¨?
¸ò°¾»\Á³ªøªº«Ü¹³ªº´ß«Ü¦h,©Ò¥H«Ü¦h©R¦W³£¿ù»~,¦Ó¥B¤j³¡¤Àºô¯¸ªº¸ê®Æ³£¤£¾ã»ô.
³ÌÃø°Ï¤Àªº¬OHipponidae,¤¤¤å´N¥s°µ³»»\Á³¬ì.
°Ï¤À¤èªk:
1.´ß³»:°¾»\Á³,´ß³»°¾Â÷´ß©³,¤j³¡¤À³»»\Á³´ß³»¸¨¦b´ß©³½d³ò,¥i¥H°Ï¤À.
¦ý¬O³»»\Á³¦³¨âÓÄÝ,´ß³»¤]°¾Â÷´ß©³,¥~Æ[»P°¾»\Á³µLªk°Ï¤À.
2.´ßF:°¾»\Á³´ßF,µy¤j©ó©Ò¦³¸ò¥¦Ãþ¦üªº´ß,¦ý¬OµLªk¥Î³oÓ¯S¼x¨Ó°µ¤ÀÃþ.
3.¸Ñå:¤Ú¦è¤j¨ÐSimone°Ï¤À¦àÁ³¶W¬ì»P¨ä¥Lªñ¦ü´ßºØ®É,¸Ñå¬v¬vÅxÅx¤@¦Ê¦h¶.
Á¿¨ì´ßªí¯S¼xªº°Ï§O,¨S¥bºJ.
4.´ßªí¯S¼x:°¾»\Á³¦³xenomorphic sculptureªº¯S©Ê(²Ä¤T¥DÃD),©Ò¥H¹L¥h«Ü¦h¾ÇªÌ´£¥X¬°¬ìªº¯S¼x©Î·sºØªº¯S¼x,³£¨S¦³·N¸q.
5.¦Ù¦×¦L²ª:
§Ú¼gmail½Ð±Ð¯Ã¦èÄõ¤j¨ÐA.G. Beu¤TÓÃö©ó°¾»\Á³ªº¨t²Î°ÝÃD®É,Beu¦^µª¤F¨âÓµª®×.
«áÄò¦A½Ð±Ð¥L¦Ù¦×¦L²ª°ÝÃD®É,Beu»{¬°³»»\Á³ªº¦Ù¦×¦L²ª¸û¯S§O,¥i¥Hª½±µ°Ï¤À.
¤Ú¦è¤j¨Ð»{¬°¦Ù¦×¦L²ªµLªk°Ï¤À.
¿D¬w¤j¨ÐPonderªº¤å³¹,»{¬°³»»\Á³»P°¾»\Á³µLªk°Ï¤À,²ÂÁ³ªº¾î¦V¦L²ªªñ³»³B,ÁÙ¦³¤@¬q««ª½¤£«Ü²M·¡ªº¦L²ª¥i¥H°Ï¤À.
¨Ò¦p,Hipponix foliaceaÀô»\Á³ªº¦L²ª.(¦³¨â®M)
<µû½×>
§Ú§ä¤F³\¦h»OÆWªº³»»\Á³´ßºØ,³»»\Á³¦L²ª·|¤ñ¸ûªø,¤¤¶¡²Ó¨âºÝªÎ,¬Æ¦Ü¦³ÀHµÛ¥Íªø,©¹´ß¤f¤è¦V¨I°ªº²{¶H.¦ý¬O°¾»\Á³¤]³£¦³³o¨Ç²{¶H. ¦pªG¤¤¥¡·|Â_µõ,¬O³»»\Á³.¤]¤ñ¸û°¨±í²ÂÁ³ªº¦L²ª.
Ponderªº·N¨£»P§Ú³Ì±µªñ.
6.¦³´ß¥Ö+¤òªº¬O°¾»\Á³,³o¬OÓ¹ê¥Î,¦ý¤£¬ì¾Çªº¤èªk.
kleptoparasitism ¬O³¾Ãþ¾ÇªÌ´£¥Xªº¦Wµü, klept¬O°½,©Î·m, parasitism¬O±H¥Í.
³¾·|±j·m¨ä¥¦³¾ÃþĄ̊úªº¹ª«.
¥¦ªº©w¸q¬O,±J¥DÀò±o¹ª««á,¦b®ø¤Æ»PÂà´«¯à¶q¤§«e,¹ª«³Q±H¥Íª«±j¹Üªº²{¶H.
kleptoparasitism¤£¬O¿W¬°³¾ºõ©Ò¦³. ¦b³nÅé°Êª«ªù,¦³¬Û·í¦h¯S²§ªº®×¨Ò:
¨Ò¦p
Den Hartog 1987µo²{Epitonium clathratulum ¾aµÛ®ü¸ªBunodosoma biscayensis ªº¶}¤f,¦ù¤J¤f§k¨ì®ü¸ª¸¡µÄ¥h°½¨ú¹ª«.
¥i°Ñ¦Òµá°ê®ü¨©±M®ÑII,²Ä713 ¶,301¹Ïª©.
¦b°¾»\Á³¬ìªº¤òÁ³»P°¾»\Á³,¦³Ó°²¤f§k,¥i¥H¨í¨ú¨ä¥L¥Íª«©ÒÀò±oªº¹ª«.
1997¦~,Okutani¤~µoªí¤òÁ³°±¾n¦bºÞÂΪººÞ¤f´N¬O¬°¤F°½¨ú¹ª«.
2000¦~, Schiaparelliµ¥¤HµoªíCapulus subcompressus Pelseneer, 1903¦bÀs¤¶Âκޤf°½¨ú¹ª«.
«e±¤]»¡¤F,Capulus danieli¤¦¥§º¸°¾»\Á³¦bMirapecten cranmerorum ( Waller, 1986) ¥´¬}°½¨ú¹ª«,
Capulus ungaricoides d'Orbigny, 1841 ¦bª°µðAcesta pataginica (Dall, 1902)¥´¬}°½¨ú¹ª«.
Capulus novaezelandiae Dell 1978 ¦b¤£ª¾¦Wª°µðAcesta species ¥´¬}°½¨ú¹ª«.
¦Ñ¹«ªº¨à¤l·|¥´¬},·|°½·|·m´N¬O°¾»\Á³¬ìªº¤òÁ³»P°¾»\Á³.
®L«Â¦i¤j«¾Kayµo²{Capulus bicarinatus ±H¥Í©ó³H´ßªí±,¤£¥´¬}.
Ponder°ò©ó¥L¹ï²ÂÁ³ªº¤F¸Ñ,±N¥¦§ï¦W¬°Amathina bicarinatus, ¦P·N.
¦ý¬OPonder¦P®É±N¥~«¬ªñ¦übicarinatusªºCapulus violaceus (Angas, 1867) ¥HÃþ¤ñ¦Ó¨S¦³¹êÃÒªºªº¤è¦¡,¤]¦C¤J²ÂÁ³.
»OÆW¤j¨ÐBillµo²{Capulus violaceus°½¨ú¹ª«ªº±J¥D¬O®üÀT,´N¬O°¾»\Á³ªº¯S©Ê.³o¬OÓ«¤jªºµo²{,ÃÒ©úPonderªº³B¸m¿ù»~,¤]±N°¾»\Á³ªºkleptoparasitism±J¥D¼Ò¦¡,±À®i¦Ü®üÀT.
½Ò¤¤§@·~:
»O¤¤¬ì³ÕÀ]ªºÀY©¬®üÁx.´Uª¬´ß¸s»E¦ÓÀô¶¦b®üÁxÀY³¡©P³ò,¤S¦³¤j¥À´ßI¤p¤½´ßªº²{¶H,¬O³»»\Á³.Ų©w¬OHipponix liberatus (Pease, 1868)
µ²½×:¹B¥Î¥Íª«ªº¯S©Ê,¦b±z¦¬¨ì´ßªºÀþ¶¡,¤@²´´Nª¾¹D½Ö¬O°¾»\Á³: kleptoparasitism.
__________________ ´ÆÅì±C®P¤p¥@¬É,¦âÀJ¤@Åé¤j¦ÛµM.
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SWEETDR945 °ª¯Å·|û
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²Ä¤TÓ¥DÃD,°¾»\Á³¦p¦ó°Ï¤À.( xenomorphic sculpture )
´ßªíªºÀJ¨è,Åã¥Ü¨©´ß³nÅ骺¿W¯S©Ê,¤]¦¨¬°°Ï¤Àªº¼Ð·Ç.
¦ý¬O°¾»\Á³«o¿W¦³¤@Ө䥦¬ìªºÁ³©Ò¨S¦³ªº¯S©Ê, Beu¸òMaxwellµo²{,¦bÂù´ß¨©ªí±¦¨ªø®É,°¾»\Á³´ßªí·|Åã¥Ü±J¥D´ßªíªº¯S¼x,©ó¬O¤G¤H¹B¥Î¦a½è¾Ç¦Wµü,ºÙ¤§¬°xenomorphic sculpture.
<µû½×>³oÓµo²{,¦¦³³\¦h¤Hµo²{,¦ý¬O¨S¦³´£¥XÀ³¥Î,¤]¨S¦³³Ð«Ø¡¨±M¦³¦Wµü¡¨,§Ú¬Û«H¥H«á¥ô¦ó¦^ÅUªº¤å³¹,³£·|´£¨ìxenomorphic sculpture;Åã¥Ü±M¦³¦Wµüªº«n©Ê.
³o¨ÇÀJ¨è,¦p´ß³»©³½tªº°òªO(¦¥ý³Q¬Y¤j¨Ð´£¥X§@¬°°¾»\Á³¤@ºj¥´¦ºªº¯S¼x),´ßªíªº©·«×,ÀôÅs»P´ß½tªº½Ñ¦hÅܲ§,³£¤£¬O°¾»\Á³ªº¯S¼x.
¤Þ¥Î³oÓÆ[©À, Beu±N¥H¤Uµ¥ªþ¥Í¦b®ü®°µð¶W¬ìPectinoidea¦³ÂI¹³¤S¤£¤Ó¹³ªº´ß
Capulus dilatatus A. Adams, 1860
Capulus japonicus A. Adams, 1861
Pilaeopsis uncinatus Hutton 1873
Capulus sycophanta Garrard, 1961
Capulus spondylicola Habe, 1967
Capulus kawamurai Habe, 1992
«ü©w¬°Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)ªº¦PºØ²§¦W.©Ò¥H®ü®°°¾»\Á³ªº«U¦W¤£¨£¤F,§ïºÙ¤¦¥§º¸°¾»\Á³.
¬JµMÅé¼hªº¯S¼x·|ÀH±H¥D´ßÅܲ§,¨º»ò¦p¦ó¨Ó°Ï¤À»PŲ©w°¾»\Á³?
«e¤èªº¤å³¹´£¥X,¶¯ªº¤p«¬ÓÅé¬O¹C¨«ªº,¸û¤£¨ü±J¥D´ß¼vÅT,¦Ó´ßF¬O¥»½èªº¯S©Ê,©Ò¥H§@ªÌ´£¥X¥H´ßF¥[¤W¶¯©Ê¤p´ßªº³¡¥÷§@¬°Å²©wªº¨Ì¾Ú.¨Ã¥B¨Ì¦¹¨Ì¾Ú,¦VBeu½Ð±Ð,¤j¨Ð´nµM¦P·N¤é¥»°¾»\Á³Capulus japonicus¤£¦P©óCapulus danieli,ºû«ù¦³®ÄºØ¦W.
»¡©ú:
¼ê´ò´ß,¤¦¥§º¸°¾»\Á³ùØ¥~ªº´ßªí,Åã²{¥X°ª¶Q®ü®°µðªºÀJ¨è.
![](uploads30/ZDFAF_5.jpg)
ªF´ä´ß,ÀJ¨è,´ß«¬»P¤W´ß§¹¥þ¤£¤@¼Ë,¦ý¬O´ßF»P¦´Á¶¯´ß»P¼ê´ò´ß¤@P,¬O¤¦¥§º¸°¾»\Á³.
![](uploads30/AAA2B_6.jpg)
¤é¥»´ß,¥´¬},¬O°¾»\Á³,Åé¼h¯S¼xÀH´ßªíÅܤÆ,´ßF»P¦´Á¶¯´ß»P¼ê´ò´ß¤@P,¬O¤¦¥§º¸°¾»\Á³.
![](uploads30/B63A7_7.jpg)
¦U¦ì¥ý¶iÀ³¸Ó´NÀ´±o¦p¦óŲ©w°¾»\Á³.
¦³®Ñªº¥ý¶i,¥i¥H®³¡¨¨©¤Í¡¨¤¤, Y.C. Leeªº¥Õ¦â¦º´ß:ªe§ø°¾»\Á³,¤ñ¸û«á,±z·|¦P·N¥¦¸ò¬õ½Åªº¼ê´ò¤¦¥§º¸¬O¤@¼Ëªº.
__________________ ´ÆÅì±C®P¤p¥@¬É,¦âÀJ¤@Åé¤j¦ÛµM.
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SWEETDR945 °ª¯Å·|û
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¤W´ßCapulus ungaricoides»P¤U´ßCapulus novaezelandiae ªþ¥Í¦bª°µð¤W,³o¨â°¦´ß³£¨ã¦³Áa¦VªºÀJ¨è,¤]³£¤À¥¬¦b«n¥b²y.
ªF¨F²`®üªº¤j¶Àª°µð,ªþµÛ¨ã¦³¥·ÆÀJ¨èªº°¾»\Á³,¬O¥_¥b²y®ü°ì°ß¤@¥Hª°µð¬°±H¥Dªº°¾»\Á³.
ª¦¦b¤j¶Àª°µðÀY¤W,´N¥s¥¦¤j¶À°¾»\Á³.
®ü¥Í±M®a,¹ï©ó°¾»\Á³»PÂù´ß¨©±J¥Dªº¥æ¤¬§@¥Î,¥u¦³«Ü¦³ªº¬ã¨s.
Sharman (1956) Æ[¹î¤FºÎ´U°¾»\Á³»P±J¥Dªº¤ÏÀ³,»{¬°³o¬Oݩʪº¥b±H¥Í,semiparasitic and facultative.
Orr (1962) Àˬd¤F¬Û·í¦hªº¤¦¥§º¸°¾»\Á³¹ï®ü®°µðªº¤J«I¦æ¬°,µo²{°£¤F鑚¤Õ»P¥~®M½¤ªº¯Ê·l¥~,®ü®°µð¬¡ªº¦n¦nªº,»{¬°³o¬O¹ï§Ü©Êªº¦@¥Íantagonistic symbiosis, not true parasitism.
Iyengar¥HTrichotropis cancellata »PÀs¤¶ÂαJ¥Dªº¤ÏÀ³µû¦ô,¤òÁ³·m¹®É,¦¨ªøªº³t«×¤j©ó¦Û¦æÂo¹ªº³t«×,¦P®É¤]±N±J¥Dªº¦¨ªø³t«×À£¨îªñ¹s.¥L»{¬°³o´N¬Okleptoparasitism.
§@ªÌªºÆ[¹î,¤j¶À°¾»\Á³¥H¥k°¼¤ºÅsªº´ß½t,ºòºò¤Ä¦íª°µð,¥HÁקKª°µð´åªa®É»P±H¥D²æÂ÷,¦P®É¤]ÁקK¨ä¥¦°¾»\Á³ªþµÛ¤À¹.Æp¤Õ,°½¨ú¤j¶Àª°µðªº¹ÁS.´N¬Okleptoparasitism.
¤j¶Àª°µð¬OµL¤O©è§Ü¤j¶À°¾»\Á³¶Ü?¹L¥h©Ò¦³ªº¾ÇªÌ»PÆ[¹î,³£µLªk³¯zÂù´ß¨©±H¥Dªº¯u¹ê¤ÏÀ³.
§@ªÌÆ[¹î¨ì,¦³¬Û·í¼Æ¥Øªºª°µð(¼Æ¥Ø»P¤ñ²v,¬°´L«´¼¼z»Pª©Åv,¦³¿³½ìªº¥ý¶i½Ð¬Ý´Á¥Z),·|·P¨ü°¾»\Á³ªº¶Ë®`,¦¨¥\ªº±N鑚¤Õ«Ê³¬,±N°¾»\Á³¹jÂ÷¦b¥~.
³o¬O²Ä¤@ÓkleptoparasitismÂù´ß¨©±J¥D¤ÏÀ³ªº¤åÄm³ø§i.
![](uploads30/2ZA14_12.jpg)
Edited by SWEETDR945 on 27-September-2012 at 9:44pm
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¤j¶À°¾»\Á³,¬O¥þ¬ì²Ä¤G¤jªºª«ºØ,¤]¬O¦L-¤Ó¥¬v°Ï³Ì¤jªºª«ºØ.
§Ú¦¬¨ì³o°¦Á³¤§®É,´N¨M©w§â¥¦©R¦W¬°¡¨¤j¶À¡¨°¾»\Á³.
°ÝÃD¦b©ó½Ö¨Ó¾át¡¨¤j¶À¡¨¤§¦W.
ÂN§Ù¨N¯D«á,±N¦¹Á³Äm¦Wµ¹»OÆW¤j¨ÐBill,¨Ã½Ð¥L«OºÞ²Ä¤@°Æ¼Ò¦¡¼Ð¥».
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